Bio
Pedro Altube (1827–1905) was a key figure in establishing the Basque presence in the U.S. livestock industry, particularly in cattle and later sheep ranching. Born in Oñati, Gipuzkoa, Spain, Altube immigrated to Argentina at age 18, joining his brothers who had already left the Basque Country. In 1850, he and his younger brother, Bernardo, moved to California, drawn by the gold rush, but soon discovered that cattle trading was more lucrative than mining.
The Altube brothers found success in cattle trading and dairy farming in California. They eventually partnered with other Basques to purchase Rancho Los Vaqueros, which thrived until a series of tragedies, including livestock losses, forced them to start over. In 1871, the brothers relocated to Independence Valley, Nevada, with 3,000 head of cattle, establishing the renowned Spanish Ranch. Over time, they built a cattle empire, eventually expanding into sheep ranching by 1900.
Pedro and his wife, Marie Ihitzague, had seven daughters. Despite being unable to read English, he was known for his intellectual curiosity, hiring someone to read him books on history and science. Altube became a legendary figure, known for his towering 6’6″ stature, horse riding skills, and as a central figure in Basque immigration to the U.S.
